汝瓷：穿越千年呈芳华

                     Ru: through a youth

喜迎新年之际，中国陶瓷工业协会授予河南省汝州市“中国汝瓷小镇”牌匾。与此同时，“国家艺术基金——汝陶瓷艺术精品展”在汝州开展，展出的百余件汝瓷精品再续中断了800多年的精妙技艺，吸引着游客驻足品鉴，静柔的灯光下，那一抹抹“雨过天晴”的绝世之美，仿佛穿越了千年历史云烟，芳华依然。

　　唤回这般颜色

　　“此曲只应天上有，人间能得几回闻”。2017年12月27日，在汝州参加“纪念周恩来总理指示恢复历史名窑60周年系列活动”的游客，在参观玉松汝瓷时正好赶上了目睹汝瓷出窑的难得机会，汝瓷开片声引得众人侧耳倾听，有人忍不住吟出了杜甫的诗句。

　　“汝瓷的开片纹是由于器胚和釉层的热胀冷缩系数不一样，在温差过大的条件下，就会形成釉层的开裂。汝瓷出窑的时候是开片最密集的时间，窑外的温度骤降，刚出窑的汝瓷就会发出噼里啪啦的开片声音。”河南省工艺美术大师、河南省陶瓷艺术大师李晓涓耐心地为参观者讲解道。在五大名窑中，汝窑具有“青如天，面如玉，蝉翼纹，晨星稀，芝麻支钉釉满足”等特点，举世闻名。

　　“雨过天青云破处，这般颜色做将来”。传说这是宋徽宗赵佶在梦里见到的汝瓷的颜色，这一梦催生了皇家御用的天青色汝瓷。遗憾的是宋金之间不断的战火让汝官窑昙花一现，汝窑被毁，汝瓷烧制技艺随之失传，汝瓷也几近销声匿迹。1957年7月，周总理在南京召开的全国轻工业厅长会议上指出“要恢复五大名窑生产，首先要恢复汝窑和龙泉窑”。按照周总理的指示，国家轻工部做出了《关于恢复历史名窑的决定》。

　　汝瓷，这一几乎绝迹于战乱的民族文化的瑰宝，在新中国迎来重生之机，标志着中国瓷巅峰时期的那一抹神秘的“雨过天青色”得以被重新唤回。

　　重现汝瓷光彩

　　“一勺一瓢的配釉，技术人员用最原始的方法加工原料，开始了研究汝瓷的烧制。”在“历史名窑复兴与创新论坛”上，69岁的原国营汝瓷二厂厂长李聚万回顾了新中国成立后汝窑复兴的艰辛历程。

　　他介绍，在周总理发出“发掘祖国文化遗产”的指示后，临汝县（今汝州）就着手组织技术人员攻关，直到1964年，汝瓷豆绿釉产品才烧制成功，陶瓷专家们对汝瓷豆绿釉产品给予了充分肯定。突破出现在20世纪80年代，1984年汝瓷天蓝釉试验项目获河南省科技进步奖。1986年，临汝县工艺美术汝瓷厂生产的双龙瓶、内花碗、鸡心碗、玉壶春等9种产品在第三届中国工艺美术“百花奖”评审会上一举夺魁，获得“金杯奖”。同年，汝瓷17号豆绿釉在临汝县工艺美术汝瓷厂研制成功，该项目获1986年河南省科技进步奖。1988年汝官窑天青釉、月白釉陆续实验成功，获得国家和省级表彰，引起整个古陶瓷界震动，成为汝官窑全面恢复的重要转折点。

　　进入21世纪，汝州市委市政府高度重视汝瓷产业的发展，将汝瓷列入“十五”发展规划重点发展产业，对汝瓷的研制开发力度不断加大。汝州市酷爱汝瓷的有志之士纷纷献身汝瓷开发事业，产生了一批优秀的汝瓷专家，朱文立和孟玉松分别被授予国家级和省级民间文化杰出传承人称号。

　　光阴荏苒，在一代代汝瓷人的努力下，河南汝州出现了传承创新烧造汝窑的局面，汝窑天青釉得以重见天日，汝瓷这个稀世珍宝得以重放异彩，让历经近千年沧桑的汝官窑得以重新焕发生机，通过汝瓷人不懈地努力，汝瓷产品畅销国内，并走出国门，向全世界重新展现光彩。

　　引领产城融合

　　近年来，汝州市委、市政府把传承和弘扬汝瓷文化作为一项重要的历史使命，确定了“汝瓷文化名城”的城市发展定位，高标准制定汝瓷文化发展规划，启动实施了张公巷汝窑发掘保护，出台了一系列支持汝瓷产业发展的扶持政策，布局科学、可持续的产城融合发展。

　　2017年12月28日，第三届中国陶瓷电商大会在汝州举办，搭建起了我国各产瓷区间的交流合作平台，对进一步拓宽合作领域，提升各地区合作水平，促进陶瓷企业发展壮大，实现协同创新、共同发展提供新契机。

　　汝州市还以“艺术陶瓷生活化、生活陶瓷高端化”的发展理念，规划建设中国汝瓷文化小镇，打造成集汝瓷生产、销售、科研、培训、展览、旅游功能于一体的国际性汝瓷文化圣地。中国汝瓷文化小镇位于汝州市南部严和店古窑遗址旁边，蟒川河自西向东流经整个小镇，这里自古就有“十里蟒川河，十里大窑厂”之说，历史文化底蕴深厚，陶瓷土矿资源和水资源丰富。汝瓷小镇总规划面积约12平方公里。小镇按照“一带两岸多组团”的结构体系，将汝瓷博物馆、汝州美术馆、游客服务中心、国际陶艺村、古窑遗址公园、汝瓷大师园等有序布局，构建出丰富多彩的文化体验。小镇先后荣获“全国特色小镇”“河南省重点文化产业园区”“首批河南省文化与科技融合示范基地”“河南省田园综合体”等荣誉称号。

来源：光明日报

Ru: through a youth

To celebrate the occasion of the new year, Chinese Ceramic Industry Association awarded the Ruzhou City, Henan Province town of Chinese porcelain plaque. At the same time, the national endowment for the Arts - Ru ceramic art exhibition in Ruzhou to carry out, hundreds of pieces of porcelain boutique exhibition renewed interrupted 800 years of exquisite art, attracting tourists tasting, soft light, which touch the peerless beauty "After rain the sky looks blue.", as if through a thousand years of history. Youth is still.

Recall this color

"The piece should only be the sky, earth to get a few back to hear". In December 27, 2017, in Ruzhou to participate in the "memorial Premier Zhou Enlai instructed the recovery of historical kilns 60th anniversary series of activities of tourists, visiting Yu Song Ru just witnessed a rare opportunity to Ru kiln, Ru film sound attracted people to listen, people could not help but sing a poem by Du Fu.

"The opening pattern is due to Ru embryo and glaze layer expansion and shrinkage coefficients are not the same, too large in terms of temperature, it will form a layer of glaze cracking. When is Ru kiln seems the most intensive time, the temperature drop of the kiln, kiln just Ru will be issued a crackling sound film." Li Xiaojuan, a master of Arts and crafts in Henan and a master of Henan ceramic art, patiently explained the way to the visitors. In the five famous kilns in the "green as the day, such as jade, onion skin pattern, Morningstar rare, sesame sticks nail enamel meet", known to the world.

"Yuguotianqing, this color for the future". This is the story of Song Huizong Zhao Ji saw in the dream of Ru color, this dream has spawned Royal sky green ru. Unfortunately, the war between song and Jin constantly make Ru kiln Ru porcelain were destroyed, flower briefly as the broad-leaved epiphyllum, firing techniques were lost, they also almost disappeared. On July 1957, Premier Zhou pointed out that "held in Nanjing national light industry director meeting to restore five kilns production, first of all to restore and Longquan kiln". In accordance with the instructions of Premier Zhou, the national Ministry of light industry made a "decision" on the restoration of historical kilns.

RuCI, treasure this national culture almost disappeared at war, in the new Chinese usher in the rebirth, marking it with a Chinese porcelain during the peak of the mysterious "blue rain day" can be back again.

To reproduce the glory of Ru

"A spoonful of glaze a gourd, and technical personnel with the most primitive method for the processing of raw materials, began firing on the ru." In the history of "famous Renaissance and Innovation Forum", the 69 year old former state-owned porcelain two factory director Li Juwan reviewed the difficult process of revival after the founding of new Chinese ru.

He said, "from the excavation of the motherland's cultural heritage" instructions in the Premier Zhou, Linru county (now Ruzhou) began to organize key technical staff, until 1964, green Ru glaze products fired successfully, the experts on the ceramic green glaze porcelain products fully affirmed. The breakthrough came in 1980s, 1984 Ru azure glaze test project by the Henan provincial science and technology progress award. In 1986, Linru County Arts and crafts porcelain factory production of bottle, flower bowl, Ssangyong heart-shaped bowls, jade spring and other 9 kinds of products to win the title at the third session of Chinese arts and crafts "Hundred Flowers Award" meeting, "won the gold award". The same year, No. 17 green glaze porcelain in Linru County Arts and crafts porcelain factory has successfully developed, the project won the prize for scientific and technological progress in Henan province in 1986. In 1988 the Ru kiln azure glaze, white glaze month have the success of the experiment, obtained the national and provincial recognition, caused the vibration of the entire ancient ceramics industry has become an important turning point in the full restoration of RuGuan kiln.

In twenty-first Century, the Ruzhou municipal government attaches great importance to the development of porcelain industry, porcelain will be included in the "fifteen" development planning of key industry of porcelain development efforts. Ruzhou city love Ru Ru development have dedicated a person of noble aspirations, produced a number of outstanding experts Zhu Ru, Wenli and Meng Yusong were awarded the national and provincial outstanding folk culture heritage title.

In a generation of Ru Time passes very quickly., the efforts of Henan, Ruzhou appeared in the situation of inheritance and innovation of Ru, Ru azure glaze to the porcelain treasures to be delivered from oppression, rejuvenation, Ru kiln that after nearly thousand years to be revitalized, through the unremitting efforts of people of porcelain, porcelain products are sold, and go out of the country, to the world to show.

Leading the integration of production City

In recent years, the Ruzhou municipal government to carry forward the tradition and Ru culture as an important historical mission, to determine the development orientation of city Ru cultural city, Ru culture development planning of high standard, start the implementation of the Ru Zhanggongxiang excavation protection, introduced a series of supporting policies to support the development of porcelain industry. The fusion of science and sustainable development layout of city.

In December 28, 2017, the third session of the Chinese ceramic business conference held in Ruzhou, set up China's porcelain production interval exchanges and cooperation platform, to further expand areas of cooperation, enhance the level of cooperation in all areas, promote the ceramic enterprise development, to achieve collaborative innovation and common development provide a new opportunity.

Ruzhou City, also to the development idea of "life and life ceramic art ceramic high-end", the planning and construction of Chinese Ru culture town, create a set of porcelain production, sales, research, training, exhibition, tourism in one of the international cultural Mecca ru. Chinese Ru culture town is located next to the Ruzhou City Southern Yan and store ancient kiln sites, Mangchuan River from West