理性看待非理性的“教育批评”

对于一些所谓的“教育批评”不必过于敏感，网上的言论千奇百怪，但整体来说，肯定是“邪不压正”。当然，对于那些激烈而离奇的教育言说，要通过摆事实、讲道理，提供具有更多社会共识的教育言说，以清晰的逻辑让人看到谬论之荒谬，给众人以警示。

岁尾将至，有心者盘点了下“教育批评”，认为有些“教育批评”属于忽悠人，认为那些但凡给教育扣上“应试教育、愚蠢教育、违背人性、反教育、反常识”等帽子的文章及其观点，言辞越激烈越能吸引粉丝点赞，故事越离奇越是流量汹涌。而此时，事物发展的基本逻辑、教育的本质规律都无须顾及。

在有关教育的言说中，确实存在作者所说的情况，在传播学研究中，属于“舆论极化现象”或“网络舆论极化现象”。一些网民一事当前，不问青红皂白，在对事实缺乏全面了解、对问题缺乏清晰认知的情况下，放任个人情绪，任性发表一些比较武断、偏激甚至极端的言论。这与新媒体的快速发展有着密不可分的关系。相对而言，在传统媒体时代，“舆论极化现象”并不常见。得益于传统媒体较为严格的把关机制，一些特别偏执或者可能会引发社会不良影响的观点，并不容易在传统媒体平台发布出来。尽管在这一过程中，一些具有特殊见解或超常见地的声音也可能因此不为人所知，但整体而言，传统媒体的把关机制仍起到了明显效果，也被实践证明是很有必要的。

但是，时代不同了，网络时代的特征是，在移动互联网发展和智能终端普及的状态下，人人都有麦克风，人人都有表达的机会，网络“把关人”虽然依旧存在，但在传播技术的时空突破秉性中，“把关人”已经没有办法完全“把关”。在某种意义上来讲，这种“把关”的成本实在过于高昂，任何机构和组织都很难长时间承受。

这就形成了文章开头有心人提到的问题，即有些看似忽悠人的教育评论，被广为传播。其实，这在教育舆论生态中，属于正常存在。首先，这些言论原来也不是没有，只是缺少机会表达，现在借助传播技术的机会赋权，能够公之于众。其次，教育本身确实没有定式，教育家、教育管理者、教师、家长、学生，这些教育参与者，个人与个体之间，群体与群体之间，对教育方式、教育理念、教育结果等等，有不同的理解，对教育事实，有不同的“看见”，产生不同的解释、论见、观点，是正常的。再其次，有正方，就有反方；有极端的言论，就有持中的言论；有离奇的故事，就有正常的存在。对于那些违背常识，故意扭曲教育事实的观点，我们要相信“群众的眼睛是雪亮的”，因为，总是有那些更接近教育事实的观点，出现在我们的舆论空间中。那些激烈的看法，不会引起多数人的共鸣；反之，如果能够引起多数人的共鸣，基本可以说明这个看法并不算激烈。

还有，那些有不愉快的教育体验的人参与所谓激烈的言论，一方面可以用更多愉快的教育体验回应，另一方面需要教育参与者的相对主导方，认真思考其中可能存在的真问题。

概而言之，对于一些所谓的“教育批评”不必过于敏感，网上的言论千奇百怪，但整体来说，肯定是“邪不压正”。当然，对于那些激烈而离奇的教育言说，要通过摆事实、讲道理，提供具有更多社会共识的教育言说，以清晰的逻辑让人看到谬论之荒谬，给众人以警示，不能形成“沉默的螺旋”，任由谬论传播而没有正论反制。

近些年来，关于教育的言说在迅速增多，其中最重要的原因有两个：一是民众富裕了，意识提升了，对教育的诉求增多了；二是教育供给侧改革需要更有力地推进。

嘈杂而丰富的教育言说中，激烈与平和共存的教育批评中，内有民众的心声与诉求，人民渴求更好的教育。习近平总书记在十九大报告中指出，建设教育强国是中华民族伟大复兴的基础工程，必须把教育事业放在优先位置，加快教育现代化，办好人民满意的教育。相信，随着我们的教育越办越好，人民群众的教育满意度越来越高，一些所谓的“教育批评”会越来越少，越来越没有市场。（作者系中国传媒大学副教授 任孟山）

来源：中国教育报

Rational view of irrational "educational criticism"

Too sensitive for some of the so-called "education criticism" no, online speech all sorts of strange things, but on the whole, that is "the Good prevails over evil". Of course, for those violent and weird educational speeches, we should provide a more social consensus educational statement by putting facts and reasoning into practice, and let people see the absurdity of fallacy with clear logic.

The end of the year is approaching, those who count "education criticism", "criticism" to think that some of you think that whenever to buckle the "examination oriented education, education, education, anti stupidity against humanity education, anti sense" hat articles and views, more fierce words will attract more fans point of praise, the more bizarre story is more turbulent flow. At this time, the basic logic of the development of things and the essential law of education need not be taken into account.

In the speech about education, there is indeed what the author said. In communication research, it belongs to the phenomenon of "public opinion polarization" or "polarization of Internet public opinion". Some users of the current, without forethought, in fact, the lack of comprehensive understanding of the lack of a clear cognition situation, let personal feelings, express some arbitrary, capricious and even radical extremist statements. This has an inseparable relationship with the rapid development of the new media. In contrast, the "polarization of public opinion" is not common in the traditional media era. Thanks to the strict shutdown system of traditional media, some views that are particularly paranoid or may cause social adverse effects are not easy to be released on traditional media platforms. Although some special or unusual voices may not be known in the process, the shutdown system in traditional media still plays a significant role as a whole, and is also proved to be necessary by practice.

However, the times are different, the characteristics of the Internet era, the development of the mobile Internet and the popularity of intelligent terminals in the state, everyone has a microphone, everyone has the opportunity to express the network "gatekeeper" still exist, but in the space of communication technology breakthrough nature, "gatekeeper" has no way to completely "check". In a sense, the cost of "checking" is too high, and it is difficult for any organization and organization to bear it for a long time.

This has formed the issue at the beginning of the article, that is, some of the educational reviews that seem to be flickering are widely disseminated. In fact, this is a normal existence in the ecological education of public opinion. First of all, these statements are not not, only the lack of opportunity to express, now with the opportunity to empower the opportunity to spread technology, can be made public. Secondly, education itself does not set, educators, educational administrators, teachers, parents and students, the education participants, between individual and individual, between groups, to education, education, education result and so on, have different understanding of educational facts, there are different "see", have different explain, see, on the point of view, it is normal. Secondly, there are Affirmative, there is opposition; extreme remarks have held in speech; a bizarre story of a normal existence. For those contrary to common sense, deliberately distorting the facts of education point of view, we believe that people's eyes are sharp, because there are always those closer to the fact that education point of view, in our opinion space. Those fierce views do not arouse the sympathy of most people. On the contrary, if we can arouse the resonance of most people, we can basically see that this view is not fierce.

Moreover, those who have unpleasant educational experience participate in the so-called fierce speech, on the one hand, can use more pleasant educational experience to respond, on the other hand, they need the relative leader of the educational participants, seriously thinking about the real problems that may exist.

In a word, too sensitive for some of the so-called "education criticism" no, online speech all sorts of strange things, but on the whole, that is "the Good prevails over evil". Of course, for those intense and bizarre discourse, through the facts and truth, to provide education to speak with more social consensus, to let people see clearly the logic fallacy of the absurd, as a warning to all the people, can not form a "spiral of silence", let the fallacy spread without the counter.

In recent years, the speeches on education are increasing rapidly. The most important reasons are two: first, the people are richer, the consciousness is increased, and the demand for education has increased. Two, the reform of the supply side needs to be pushed forward more effectively.

In the noisy and rich language of education, there are people's voices and appeals in the educational criticism that is fierce and peaceful and coexistence, and the people are thirst for better education. In his nineteen major report, general secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that building a powerful country in education is a basic project for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. We must place education in the priority position, speed up the modernization of education and run well the education of people's satisfaction. I believe that as our education gets better and better, people's education satisfaction is higher and higher. Some so-called "educational criticism" will be less and less, and there will be no more market. (the author is Ren Mengshan, associate professor of Communication University of China)