时评：走好高考改革的“平衡木”

Review: the "balance beam" of the reform of the college entrance examination

赵婀娜

2018年03月26日08:59  来源：人民网-人民日报

随着高考改革进入“深水区”，原来千军万马要过的“独木桥”，现在更像是兼顾效率与公平的“平衡木”。必须严谨、细致、公正、科学，方能行稳致远。

在部署全面取消全国性高考鼓励性加分项目之后，教育部日前又接连发文，对2018年重点高校招收农村和贫困地区学生工作和高校自主招生工作加以规范：通过严格报考条件、严格资格审核、严格招生管理、加大违规查处等举措，确保“专项计划”政策真正惠及农村学生。种种规范，旨在让高考回归起点公平，让招生举措不背离政策初衷，用诚信筑牢高考公平、公正之基。

追溯历史，从高考恢复以来，我国高考改革就一直在公平与效率之间、标准与多元之间寻求最恰当的平衡。通过标准化考试确保流程严谨科学，同时也要考虑到不同学校对选才的不同需求及考生的多元差异；作为选拔性考试要体现区分度，但同时也要尽量验证学习效果、体现能力；不但要通过高考满足高校选才的需要，还必须考虑到高考对于整个基础教育的先导作用。

也可以说，随着高考改革进入“深水区”，原来千军万马要过的“独木桥”，现在更像是兼顾效率与公平的“平衡木”。区域之间以及省际高等教育资源仍不均衡，在缩小各省高考录取率之间的差距、促进教育公平的过程中，如何更好地兼顾群体利益与个体利益，成为近些年高考改革最难的命题。

在这样的大背景下，任何一项高考改革的探索性举措，都如同平衡木运动员的动作，必须严谨、细致、公正、科学，方能行稳致远。

作为以学科特长和创新潜质等综合评价为基础进行录取的探索性改革举措，自主选拔旨在打破“唯分数论”的窠臼，改变人才培养千校一面的现状，鼓励更多孩子发展多元特色。针对农村和贫困地区学生的“专项计划”，旨在为更多农村考生提供上大学，尤其是上重点大学的机会，打破贫困的代际传递，促进机会公平。几年实践证明，两项探索都在深化考试招生制度改革的过程中发挥了重要而积极的作用。

但同时也应看到，依然有个别地区的个别考生铤而走险，提供虚假自主招生申请材料，伪造、变造、篡改、假冒户籍学籍等信息或以其他方式骗取专项计划报考资格，还有个别学校、单位和个人徇私舞弊或协助考生弄虚作假，乃至个别中介机构打着包通过、考前辅导、提供所谓专利论文等名义进行虚假宣传和敛财，等等。这些有违诚信的行为虽为个案，却足以影响很多考生的未来命运，不仅严重干扰了正常高招秩序，背离了政策初衷，也伤害到高考整体的公平公正。

高考之所以万众瞩目，是因为它仍是当下促进社会阶层有序向上流动的重要途径，是寒门学子改变自身命运的最大希望，是守护教育公平及社会公平的重要底线。特别在全国性高考鼓励性加分项目全面取消，地方性加分项目在额度和项目上都日益规范的今天，以高校自主选拔和针对农村和贫困地区学生的“专项计划”为代表的多元探索能否公平推进，更是备受瞩目。简言之，这将直接关乎教育公平的基石能否筑牢，社会公平正义能否得以捍卫。

之所以常说“改革不止步”，就是因为我们的时代在不断前进，问题也在不断出现。制度的调整，要收到真正的效果或者把握全新的问题，有赖于政府、社会、家庭、考生都不折不扣地执行。公平正义是教育的价值基石，而只有用诚信筑牢改革基础，才能保证高考公平建设在正确的道路上行稳致远。

《人民日报》（2018年03月26日 05 版）

Review: the "balance beam" of the reform of the college entrance examination

Zhao graceful

March 26, 2018 08:59 source: people.com.cn - People's Daily.

With the reform of the college entrance examination into the "deep water zone", the "narrow bridge" that the army and the army have to go through is more like the "balance beam" of efficiency and fairness. We must be rigorous, careful, fair and scientific, so that we can achieve steady and lasting progress.

In the deployment of a comprehensive cancel after the national college entrance examination incentive bonus program, the ministry of education has issued in succession, the 2018 key universities recruit students in rural and poor areas to work and the independent recruitment of students work to regulate: enter oneself for an examination by strict conditions, strict qualification audit, recruit students management, strictly investigate measures such as increasing irregularity, ensure that the policy of "special plan" really benefit students in the countryside. All kinds of norms are designed to make the college entrance examination return to the starting point of fairness, so that the admission measures do not deviate from the original intention of the policy, and build a fair and just basis for the college entrance examination with good faith.

Since the recovery of the college entrance examination, the reform of China's college entrance examination has been seeking the most appropriate balance between fairness and efficiency, between standards and diversity. To ensure the rigorous science of the process through standardized tests, we should also take into account the different needs of different schools and the diversity of candidates. As an optional test, it should be distinguished, but it should also try to verify the learning effect and reflect the ability. Not only will the college entrance examination meet the needs of university selection, but also must take into account the leading role of the college entrance examination for the whole basic education.

It can also be said that with the reform of the college entrance examination into the "deep water zone", the original "log bridge" that the army and horses have to go through is more like the "balance beam" of efficiency and fairness. Regional and provincial higher education resources are still not balanced, in reducing the gap between provinces for the college entrance examination admission rate, promote the education fair in the process, how to better both group interests and individual interests, become in recent years, the college entrance examination reform is the most difficult proposition.

Under such a background, any exploratory measures of the reform of the college entrance examination are like the movements of the balance beam athletes. They must be rigorous, meticulous, impartial and scientific, so as to achieve a steady and long-term development.

As to discipline specialty, and the comprehensive evaluation of the potential of innovation on the basis of exploratory reform measures for admission, independent selection aims to break the "only fractional theory" mold, change the present situation of the talent training thousands of school side, more children are encouraged to develop multiple characteristics. In view of the students in rural and poor areas of "special plan", aimed to provide more rural students in college, especially the chance of going to a key university, break the intergenerational transmission of poverty, promote equal opportunities. Several years of practice have proved that both exploration has played an important and active role in deepening the reform of the examination and enrollment system.

But at the same time also should see, there are individual regions of individual candidates take risks, to provide false independent admission application materials, forged or altered, tampered with, fake hukou status information or otherwise defraud special plan enter oneself for an examination qualification, and individual schools, units and individuals practice favoritism or assist the examinee fraud, and even individual intermediaries in package through, helping, provides the so-called patent paper name for false advertising and fundraising, etc. These contrary to good faith behavior is as a case, but it can affect many examinee's future, not only seriously interfere with the normal order of ingenious ways, deviated from the policy, also hurt the university entrance exam the fair of the whole.

The university entrance exam is highly anticipated, because it is still the important way to promote the orderly upward mobility, best hope of impoverished students to change their fate, bottom line is important guardian education fairness and social justice. Especially in the national college entrance examination incentive bonus program fully cancelled, local plus project on line and project specification increasingly today, with independent selection and in view of the students in rural and poor areas of "special plan" as the representative of multivariate explore whether fair, more high-profile. In short, this will be directly related to whether the cornerstone of education equity can be secured, and whether social equity and justice can be defended.

The reason why we often say "reform does not stop" is because our times are moving forward and problems are constantly emerging. The adjustment of the system, to receive the real effect or to grasp the new problem, depends on the government, the society, the family, the examinee all carry out. Fairness and justice are the cornerstone of education, and only by building a solid foundation of reform in good faith can we ensure that the fair construction of the college entrance examination is stable and steady on the right path.

People's Daily (March 26, 2018)